Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although femoropopliteal-specific stents have durable patency, stent thrombosis (ST) may occur, which can lead to acute limb ischaemia (ALI).
AIMS: We aimed to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of ALI caused by femoropopliteal ST in patients with lower extremity artery disease.
METHODS: This multicentre retrospective study included 499 patients with ALI − of whom 108 patients had ALI caused by femoropopliteal ST (ST-ALI) and 391 patients had ALI caused by other aetiologies (de novo ALI) − who underwent treatment between September 2011 and March 2023. Clinical features and outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome measure was 12-month amputation-free survival; factors associated with amputation or death were investigated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
RESULTS: Patients with ST-ALI were significantly more likely to exhibit conventional atherosclerotic risk factors, including diabetes mellitus (63% vs 26%) and haemodialysis (51% vs 10%) compared to patients with de novo ALI, whereas patients with de novo ALI were older (80 years vs 74 years) and more likely to have atrial fibrillation (49% vs 18%) than patients with ST-ALI. The 12-month amputation-free survival rate was significantly lower in the ST-ALI group than that in the de novo ALI group (51% vs 76%; p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that ST-ALI, older age, haemodialysis, atrial fibrillation, the presence of a wound, peak C-reactive protein level, and non-ambulatory status all have an independent, positive association with death or major amputation.
CONCLUSIONS: The current study revealed that patients with ST-ALI had worse clinical outcomes than those with de novo ALI, highlighting the need to maximise ST prevention.
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